ISLAMIC MOVEMENT FROM 1800

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Welcome to class! 

In today’s class, we will be talking about the Islamic movement from 1800. Enjoy the class!

Islamic Movement from 1800

The establishment of the Sokoto caliphates – Usman dan Fodio (1804) 

1. He was born in 1754 and lived in Gobir.
2. Was the leader of the Fulani-initiated Jihad.
3. He was a writer, teacher and preacher.
4. He joined Qadiriyya brotherhood.
5. Courageous and devoted life to the cause of Islam.
6. The establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate was the result of the Fulani (Sokoto) Jihad which rocked the whole of Northern Nigeria.

Causes of the Jihad

• The religious motive:

1. Spread of Islam among the pagans.
2. Establishments of a purer form of Islam.
3. Abolition of pagan practices with Islam.

• The political motive:

1. The Fulani wanted political power because of:
2. The heavy taxes imposed on them by Hausas.
3. Bribery, corruption and nepotism in appointments by Hausa rulers.
4. Oppressive laws against them by Hausas.
5. The necessity of puritan Muslims ruling over Muslim communities.

• Economic motive:

1. The desire for reduction of taxation
2. Grant of land and trade rights denied cattle Fulani
3. Desire to share the booty.

• Social motive:

1. Fulani felt superior to the Hausa educationally and socially.
2. They became resentful of Hausa authority people of inferior status.

Impact of each Jihad

1. Established a common bond which led to greater interaction and mobility.
2. Increase in trade in the North
3. Introduction of a theocratic system of government ( ruled by religious men)
4. The Caliphate was administered according to the sharia. ( Islamic laws)
5. The head was the Caliph and he had emirs in the emirates
6. Islam was the only religion
7. A lot of migration took place that reduced the population

The organisation of the caliphate

Sokoto was the capital of the caliphate, it was headed by Dan Fodio.

• Caliph appointed Wazir( representative in Emirates)
• Kofa( judicial officer)

The Caliphate was divided into:

1. The eastern section under Abdullai, his brother which include Ilorin and Nupe
2. And the western section under Mohammad Bello, his son which were the Hausa states.
3. The army kept away from civilians in rabats.
4. Nomadic Fulani encouraged to settle as farmers.
5. Great encouragement is given to education.

Powers exercised by Usman Dan Fodio

1. Appointment of Emirs needed his approval.
2. He sent inspectors to supervise and advise the emirates.
3. He communicated directives and policies to emirates.
4. Vassals paid various tributes to him.
5. Emirates’ armies joined that of Sokoto for campaigns for the spread of Islam.

General evaluation

1. Factors that led to the jihad
2. The Structure of the Sokoto Caliphate.

Assignment

1. Identify TWO leaders of the jihad and state the goals of their mission, giving reasons for your judgements

 

In our next class, we will be talking about the other JIHAD Movements.  We hope you enjoyed the class.

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