PROCEDURE FOR RAISING FARM CROPS

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The general processes for raising farm crops include

  1. Land clearing,
  2. Tilling/stumping,
  3. Ridge making,
  4. Planting,
  5. Weeding,
  6. Fertilising,
  7. Harvesting,
  8. Processing and preservation,
  9. Storage and marketing.

 

We shall be looking at the processes of raising cereal crops.

Land clearing: Cereal crops grow well on land with low forest growth. Land for planting is cleared of shrubs, weeds and grass. Cut materials are packed and burnt. The land is now ready for stumping and tillage.

Stumping: This is the removal of tree stumps to make farming operations easy. Stumps are removed with hoes, cutlasses, pickaxes or graders.

Tilling: This is the breaking or loosening of the soil to provide a favourable condition for planting of crops. This will make it easy for air and water to enter the soil.  Tilling can be done using a cutlass, hoe, spade, fork or rake.

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Ridge/mound making: This is the moving of the soil into straight ridges, or heaping of the soil into mounds. For a small area of land, e.g. the school farm, the land is marked out with pegs and ropes before the ridges are made.   Ridges and mounds are usually made with a hoe.

Planting: Cereals are grown through grains or seeds. Only good grains are selected for planting. Planting begins after the first few rains of the year. Correct planting spacing is used on the beds for sowing the seeds about 5 cm deep. Seeds are planted at the sides of the mounds or ridges. Rice is usually planted on flats. Two or three grains are dropped into one hole and covered with soil. The grains germinate in about five days.

 

EVALUATION

  1. Mention the general processes of growing farm crops
  2. Name the farm tools needed to carry out each process.

 

ASSIGNMENT

  1. Explain five processes involved in the growing of farm crops
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