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In today’s class, we will be talking about non-communicable diseases. Enjoy the class!
Non-Communicable Diseases
Non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not infectious and therefore non-transmissible. NCDs are often a chronic disease, which lasts for long periods and progress slowly. NCDs sometimes result in rapid deaths as seen in certain diseases such as autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and diabetes. Other NCDs are obesity, kwashiorkor, sickle cell, stroke, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cataracts, etc.
Nature of non-communicable diseases
Some of the examples of non-communicable diseases are:
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Coronary heart disease
- Stroke
- Obesity
- Blindness
- Cancer
- Others
Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases
Disease prevention is a branch of medicine that focuses on helping people avoid contracting diseases, both in individuals and communities. It involves a comprehensive approach or measures put in place to maximize public health and safety through the elimination and control of diseases. Disease prevention includes a wide range of activities known as interventions, aimed at reducing risks or threats to health. There are three categories of prevention:
- Primary prevention: This aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. It is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviours, and increasing resistance.
- Secondary prevention: This aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress and implementing programs to return people to their original health and function.
- Tertiary prevention: This aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping people manage long term health problems and injuries to improve their ability to function, their quality of life and their life expectancy.
NCDs come about as a result of certain factors called risk factors. Risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of certain non-communicable diseases. The WHO identified important risk factors for NCDs, these are:
- Raised blood pressure
- Raised cholesterol
- Tobacco use
- High alcohol consumption
- Overweight/obesity
- Unhealthy diet/poor nutrition
- Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level)
- Hyperlipidemia (high level of fat in the blood)
To lessen the impact of NCD individuals and society, prevention measures that require the cooperation sectors including health, finance, foreign affairs, education, agriculture, must be put in place. Measures which might include:
- Focusing on lessening the risk factors associated with the diseases. For instance, a person with NCD should.
- Reduce tobacco use.
- Engage in a healthy diet
- Engage in physical activities.
- Stop the harmful use of alcohol.
- Providing high impact essential NCD interventions that can be delivered through a primary health-care approach to strengthening early detection and timely treatment, thus reducing the need for the more expensive treatment.
- Mapping the epidemic of NCDs and their risk factors.
In our next class, we will be talking about Facilities and Equipment Used in Hockey. We hope you enjoyed the class.
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