Back to: History JSS 1
Welcome to class!
Hello, my amazing JSS 1 student! Welcome back to history class. Today, we’re going to focus on a particularly significant aspect of European contact with Nigeria: British involvement. The British eventually became the dominant colonial power in Nigeria, and their influence shaped the country in profound ways.
British Contact with Nigeria
While the Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach the Nigerian coast, it was the British who ultimately established the most significant presence. Their contact with Nigeria began in the 16th century, primarily focusing on trade, just like other European powers.
Initially, British involvement was largely driven by the trans-Atlantic slave trade. British ships actively participated in this horrific trade, transporting enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to work on plantations in the Americas. This period represents a dark chapter in the history of both Nigeria and Britain.
As the 19th century progressed, the focus of British involvement shifted. The slave trade was gradually abolished, and British interest turned towards other forms of trade, particularly in palm oil, a valuable commodity used in soap and other products.
British influence in Nigeria grew, and they gradually extended their control over various parts of the region. This involved establishing trading posts, signing treaties with local rulers, and sometimes even using military force. It was a process of gradual political and economic domination.
The Royal Niger Company
The Royal Niger Company played a significant role in British expansion in Nigeria. This company, granted a charter by the British government, was given vast territories in the Niger River basin to administer and exploit. It acted like a government in these areas, establishing control over trade and local populations.
Towards the end of the 19th century, European powers began to scramble for territories in Africa. This period, known as the Scramble for Africa, saw European powers carving up the continent among themselves.8 Britain, having already established a strong presence in Nigeria, claimed a large portion of the region as its own.
In 1914, the various British protectorates in Nigeria were formally unified into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. This marked the beginning of formal British colonial rule over the entire region.
British contact with Nigeria had a profound impact on the country. It led to the integration of Nigeria into the global economy, but it also resulted in the exploitation of resources and the imposition of colonial rule. The legacy of British colonialism continues to shape Nigeria in many ways today.
Evaluation
Now, let’s test your understanding.
- Can you describe two key aspects of British contact with Nigeria, including the slave trade and the role of the Royal Niger Company?
- How did British involvement change over time?
Fantastic work! You’re doing a wonderful job exploring the history of Nigeria. Remember, understanding British contact with Nigeria is crucial for understanding the country’s colonial past and its subsequent journey towards independence. I’m excited to continue this exploration with you in our next lesson!
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