Introduction to World Wide Web II- Basic Terminologies

Back to: COMPUTER SCIENCE SS3

 

Welcome to class! 

In today’s class, we will be talking more about an introduction to the worldwide web. Enjoy the class!

Introduction to the World Wide Web II

Basic terminologies

1. Internet: A global network connecting millions of computers. As of 1998, the Internet has more than 100 million users worldwide, and that number is growing rapidly. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community
2. ISP: Short for Internet Service Provider, a company that provides access to the Internet. For a monthly fee, the service provider gives you a software package, username, password and access phone number. Equipped with a modem, you can then log on to the Internet and browse the World Wide Web and USENET, and send and receive e-mail.
3. Browser: Short for Web browser, a software application used to locate and display Web pages. The two most popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer
4. Domain name: A symbolic name for a computer, that can be translated by a name server into a computers formal numeric Internet address (IP address). Domain names let users reference Internet sites without having to know the numerical address.
5. URL: URLs make it possible to direct both people and software applications to a variety of information, available from many different Internet protocols. Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.
6. HTTP: Short for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
7. Website: A site (location) on the World Wide Web. Each Web site contains a home page, which is the first document users see when they enter the site. The site might also contain additional documents and files. Each site is owned and managed by an individual, company or organization.
8. HTML: Short for HyperText Markup Language, the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web. Hypertext, for easy navigation among resources (e.g. HyperText Markup Language or HTML, a standard format for describing the structure of documents for transmission of hypermedia documents).
9. Homepage: The main page of a Web site. Typically, the home page serves as an index or table of contents to other documents stored at the site.
10. IP address: The numerical Internet protocol address of a computer on the Internet. Every computer on the Internet has a unique numerical address.
11. Intranet: An Intranet is a collection of services that use an Internet as the underlying communications technology, designed to support business operations and applications. Basically just another buzzword, like enterprise computing, and mission-critical applications.
12. Java: A programming language, developed by Sun Microsystems, designed specifically for use in applet and agent applications. Java programs can only run under a Java interpreter, which is designed to eliminate the risk of a rogue Java applet damaging the local computer.
13. Javascript: A scripting language developed by Netscape Inc. Javascript program listings can be included within an HTML document, and are then executed by the Web browser when the document is loaded. A similar scripting language, known as VBScript, has been developed by Microsoft.
14. Robots: On the World Wide Web, a program that autonomously searches through trees of hypertext documents, retrieving files for indexing (or other purposes). Also called a worm.
15. Router: A computer that determines, on a local basis, which route packets will take en route to their destination.
16. TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the basic communication protocol that is the foundation of the Internet. All the other protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, and Gopher, are built on top of TCP/IP.

Web page:

A webpage is an electronic document on the World Wide Web. A web page consists of an HTML file in a particular directory on a particular machine ( and in thus identification by a URL) a vast amount of information is provided by these web pages. The information may include graphics, sounds, or even movies. Usually, a web page contains links to other pages as well.

Website:

A website is a collection of web pages. Most websites have a home page as their starting point, which frequently has a table of contents for the site. Users need a web browser and a connection to access a website.

Homepage:

The homepage is the first page retrieved when accessing a website. It serves as a table of contents for the rest of the pages on the site and offers links to other websites. For example, a company’s welcome page typically includes the company logo, a brief description and links to the additional documentation available on that site.

Uniform resource locator (URL):

The uniform resource locator is the address that defines the router to a file on the web. URLs are typed into the browser to access web pages for example https://www.classnotes.ng  Retrieved home page for classnotes website. The Http is the web protocol and www.classnotes.ng is the domain name.

Hyperlinks:

Web pages contain highlighted text or image, called hyperlinks that connect to other pages on the web. A hyperlink allows you to easily move through a vast amount of information y jumping from one web page to another. You can select a hyperlink to jump to a web page located on the same computer or a computer across the city, country or world. You can easily identify a text hyperlink on a web page because it appears underlined and in colour.

Web server:

A web server is a computer on the internet that stores web pages. A web page is available for other people to view when it is stored in a web server.

Web browser:

A web browser is a software program that allows you to access and view web pages. The web browser software is built on the hyperlinks, which allows users to point and click with a mouse to jump from one document to another in whatever order they are desired.

Evaluation

1. Define the Internet.
2. List 5 examples of things that can be done on the internet.
3. Describe the history of the internet.
4. What is a web server?
5. What is the full meaning of HTTP?

 

In our next class, we will be talking about Database and Database organisation.  We hope you enjoyed the class.

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