STATISTICS II

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Welcome to class! 

In today’s class, we will be talking more about statistics. Enjoy the class!

STATISTICS II

Measurement of

• average
• arithmetic mean
• median
• mode.

Mean, median, and mode

Mean, median, and mode are different measures of centre in a numerical data set. They each try to summarize a dataset with a single number to represent a “typical” data point from the dataset.

• Mean: The “average” number; found by adding all data points and dividing by the number of data points.

Example: The mean of 4, 1, and 7 is (4+1+7)/3 = 12/3 = 4

• Median: The middle number; found by ordering all data points and picking out the one in the middle (or if there are two middle numbers, taking the mean of those two numbers).

Example: The median of 4, 1, and 7 is 4 because when the numbers are put in order (1, 4, 7,) the number 4 is in the middle.

• Mode: The most frequent number—that is, the number that occurs the highest number of times.

Example: The mode of (4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 2) is 2 because it occurs three times, which is more than any other number.

Calculating the mean

There are many different types of mean, but usually, when people say mean, they are talking about the arithmetic mean.

The arithmetic mean is the sum of all of the data points divided by the number of data points.

Mean = sum of data/# of data points

Here’s the same formula is written more formally:

Mean = ∑xi/n

Example 1:

Find the mean of this data: 1, 2, 4, 5

Start by adding the data: 1+2+4+5=12

There are 4 data points.

Mean = 12/4 = 3

The mean is 3.

Finding the median

The median is the middle point in a dataset—half of the data points are smaller than the median and half of the data points are larger.

To find the median:

• Arrange the data points from smallest to largest.
• If the number of data points is odd, the median is the middle data point in the list.
• If the number of data points is even, the median is the average of the two middle data points in the list.

Example 1:

Find the median of this data: 1, 4, 2, 5, 0

Put the data in order first: 0, 1, 2, 4, 5

There is an odd number of data points, so the median is the middle data point.

0, 1, 2, 4, 5

The median is 2.

Example 2:

Find the median of this data: 10, 40, 20, 50

Put the data in order first: 10, 20, 40, 50

There is an even number of data points, so the median is the average of the middle two data points.

10, 20, 40, 50

median = 20 ­+ 40/2    =     30

The median is 30.

Finding the mode

The mode is the most commonly occurring data point in a dataset. The mode is useful when there are a lot of repeated values in a dataset. There can be no mode, one mode, or multiple modes in a dataset.

Example 1:

Ms Norris asked students in her class how many siblings they each had.

Find the mode of the data: 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 5.

Look for the value that occurs the most:
0 ,0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 5,

The mode is 1 sibling.

Example 2:

Ms Rubin asked students in her class how many siblings they each had.

Find the mode of the data: 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4

Look for the value that occurs the most:
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4,

There is a tie for the value that occurs the most often.

The modes are 1 and 2 siblings.

 

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