Comprehension. Summary Writing: A Sample Passage. Vocabulary Development: Words associated with home and family life. Writing: Expository Essay (Explanation, Features and Outline of a topic). Structure: Introduction to Clauses.

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In today’s class, we will be talking about the expository essay, etc. Enjoy the class!

Comprehension.

Summary Writing: A Sample Passage.

Vocabulary Development: Words associated with home and family life.

Writing: Expository Essay (Explanation, Features and Outline of a topic).

Structure: Introduction to Clauses.

•  Structure: Introduction to clauses

Contents:

1. Features of the Clause
2. Types of Subordinate Clauses
3. Features or Clauses

A Clause should have a subject and a predicate. E.g.

Subject                                               Predicate

Idowu                                                            bought a piece of land

A Clause must always have a finite verb and it distinguishes it from a phrase.

Types of clauses

Independent and Dependent Clauses.

• Independent clauses:

These are also called main or principal clauses.  It expresses a complete thought and can stand on its own as a sentence e.g.

My English Master is a kind man.

Tope is coming here tomorrow.

• Dependent clauses:

These are also called subordinate clauses, It doesn’t express a complete thought and cannot stand on its own as a sentences. It depends on an independent clause for its meaning

e.g

1. .…………………… which he recommended
2. ………………………. whose biro was stolen

Types of dependent/subordinate clause

There are three types of subordinate clauses: Noun, Adjectival and Adverbial Clauses.

1. A noun clause is a subordinate clause that performs the functions of a noun e.g.

N

• What he said is bitter( subject )

N

• Truth  is bitter ( subject )
• The  important thing is that he has arrived (Noun Clause).

2. Adjectival Clauses and their Functions.

An adjectival clause is a subordinate clause that performs the functions of an adjective, that modifies a noun or pronouns.  The following subordinating conjunctions are usually employed to introduce adjectival clauses.  Who, whom, whose, that, which, where, when, etc. e.g.

• The man who came here  is a teacher
• The house, which has been renovated looks very new
• The Lady whose car was stolen is crying.

3. Adverbial Clauses and their function:

An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause that performs the functions of an adverb, such as telling us how, when where, why to what extent or under what conditions, the actions of the verb is performed. In other words, the adverbial clause modifies the verb in the main clause.

• She sings as if she were hungry
• Tope greeted me when she came to my office.

Types of adverbial clauses

1. Manner
2. Time
3. Place
4. Reason or cause
5. conditions
6. Purpose
7. Result
8. Comparison
9. concession

Evaluation

Underline and identify the types of clauses in the following sentences.

1. We heard what he said.
2.  The girl wanted what I could not give her.
3. The principal who I told you about is a sadist.
4. It happened on a day when I left the town.
5. Go and bring water while I fetch wood.

• Writing: Expository essay

Content:

1. Explanation
2. Features
3. Outline on a topic.

An expository essay is a type of essay that aims to instruct, inform, explain, criticize or analyses issues. In an expository essay, we basically get educated or enlightened on such burning issues.

Features

1. The topic is boldly written in capital letters (preferably).
2. The points/arguments should be logically presented.
3. Paragraphs should be developed with facts, examples and illustrations, comparison and contrasts, connectives.
4. Proper definition and explanation of vague ideas are vital.
5. The present tense is used.

Outline: The Problem with Nigeria

1. You can start by acknowledging the fact of the topic.
2. Mention at least three major problems and their causes.
3. Discuss how these problems are affecting us as a nation.
4. Suggest viable solutions to these problems.
5. Use facts and data from daily news.
6. Conclusions: recap and buttress your points.

Evaluation

Write an essay on the outlined topic above.

• Vocabulary development: Words associated with home and family life

1. Mother, Father, brother, sister, half-brother etc.
2. Half-brother:  a boy or man who has the same mother or father as one half (also half-sister).
3. Grandchild: The child of one’s son or daughter.
4. Cousin: The child of one’s uncle or aunt
5. Uncle: The brother of one’s mother or father or husband of one’s aunt.
6. Aunt: Sister of one’s mother or father or wife of one’s uncle
7. Nephew:  The son of one’s sister or brother.
8. Step Mother: Woman who marries one’s father (also stepfather)
9. Relative: a member of the same family or extended family as oneself
10. Family: a group of people consisting of parents and their children
11. Extended family: a group of people consisting of parents and their children and such other people as one’s aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents.
12. Distant relative: Relative such as one’s cousin’s child.
13. Nuclear family: Family consisting only of parents and their children and not including aunts, uncles, cousins, etc.

Words for objects in the home

1. Furniture: Large movable objects such as tables, chairs, beds, used in a room for sitting, sleeping or putting things on.
2. Utensils: tools or objects used for cooking
3. Wardrobe: Tall cupboard where one can hang one’s clothes
4. Grinder: a device for crushing some things into a small piece or making it into a powder.
5. Blender: machine used in the kitchen for mixing liquids and soft food together into a smooth liquid substance.
6. Fridge: Cooling container for keeping food and other things in so that they stay fresh.

Evaluation

Complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word.

1. The daughter of one’s sister or brother is one’s ……….
2. Janice cannot marry yet because her ………. has not been able to pay the bride price.
3. There are no cooking ….such as pots and saucepans in the kitchen.
4. Saturday mornings are spent……. The floor with stiff brushes and plenty of water.
5. Out of the following only a …..Is not a member of the nuclear family?   (a) Cousin        (b) Father    (C) brother     (d) Mother    (e) Sister.

Weekend assignment

Choose the word that contains the same sound as the sound represented by the underlined letters in the given word.

1. Splash (a) measure (b) bus   (c) buzz    (d) shoot
2. Choleric (a) chores (b) chap (c) cattle (d) short
3. Yesterday (a )joyful (b) union      (c ) please    (d) physics
4. Toddler. (a) thunder (b) weather ( c) cooked             (d) though
5. Tough (a)phase (b) ghost       (c ) long        (d) garden   (e) high

Theory

Write five examples of a noun clause performing different functions.

 

In our next class, we will be talking about Essay Writing: More on the formal letter; Speech Work: Rhymes; Vocabulary Development: Words Associated with Government and Politics.  We hope you enjoyed the class.

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