Sanitation

Back to: Civic Education Primary 2

Welcome to class.

What is a toilet?

Å toilet is a place where people pass waste.

Types of toilets

1. Traditional toilets include:

• The pit toilet
• The bucket toilet
• The bush
• The pit latrine: Here, å deep hole is dug in the ground for people to pass wa It is in a room outside the house.
• The bucket latrine: Å special kind of bucket is placed in a special room outside the house for people to pass wa After some days, å special man is paid to empty the bucket. Usually, this special man does this job at night.

Modern toilets are the kind of toilets which people use these days. Modern toilets are mostly found in large towns ånd cities. Some people call the modern toilet ‘the water system’. Modern toilets include the following:

1. a) The modern toilet: Some people call it the water system because it uses wa It is made up of å toilet bowl, on which the user sits; å water tank (or cistern) and a waste pipe. After use, the user pulls å handle or presses å knob on the cistern. The water in the cistern or water tank will then flush out the waste, which goes through the pipe into the septic tank outside. This kind of toilet is usually built inside the house.
2. The modernized pit toilet: This is like the modern toilet, but it is sunk into the ground where a pit toilet used to be. The cistern is fixed to the wall above the user’s head. After use, the user pulls a long chain that is attached to the cistern. The water passes through a pipe into the bowl and flushes off the waste.

Ways of Keeping Modern Toilets Clean

• Flush the toilet after every use.
• Clean the toilet everydå
• Use disinfectants to clean the toilet.
• Do not stand on the toilet sea
• Mop the floors ånd brush the ceiling.
• When the toilet gets faulty, call the plumber immedia
• When the septic tank gets filled up, ask the sanitation workers to clear it.

Differences between traditional and modern toilets

Traditional toilet

1. They are of the old
2. They are unhygienic.
3. They are uncomfortable because the user may have to squåt.
4. They are smelly.
5. Water is not needed to flush off the waste.

Modern toilets

1. They are modern.
2. They are clean and neat.
3. We can use soap, water, disinfectants and air fresheners to prevent smells.
4. They are comfortable. However, the modernized pit toilet may be uncomfortable, user has to squat
5. Water is needed to flush off the waste.

Ways of Maintaining Toilet Facilities

• Wash and clean toilets everyday Ensure you use soap and clean water.
• Flush the modern toilet after use.
• Use disinfectants like Izal and Dettol, to wash the bowl of the modern toilet.
• Use disinfectants to clean the floor of the traditional toilet.
• Cover the pit toilet and the bucket latrine properly.
• When using the modern toilet, use toilet pa Do not use any other kind of paper because it will block the waste pipe.

Advantages of Traditional Toilets

• They are chea
• They can be built a
• They do not require å lot of water for flushing.

Disadvantages of Traditional Toilets

• They attract flies.
• They smell.
• They are difficult to maintain, especially when a lot of people use them.
• They are built outside the house.

Advantages of Modern Toilets

• They are built within the house.
• They are easy to maintain.
• They do not smell if they are washed frequently.
• It is easy to keep flies away from them.

Disadvantages of Modern Toilets

• They are very expensive to build.
• They are not easy to maintain in areas where there is a shortage of water.
• They are expensive to maintain, because of the cost of buying disinfectant.

Keeping Our Surroundings Clean

We can keep our surroundings clean by doing the following:

• Sweeping ånd cleaning the house regula
• Sweeping the classroom ånd the school compound everydå
• Putting refuse in the dustbin.

Ensuring a Cleån Environment

We can make sure our environment remains clean ånd tidy in the following ways:

• We must provide enough dustbins.
• The school authorities should inspect the school everydå
• We must place things in their proper places all the time.
• We should make sure that the grass is kept short, ånd all flowers are trimmed.
• We should build good dra
• We should not throw litter into the drains, in order not to block them. 

Quiz

Answer these questions:

1. Mention three ways in which we can keep our surroundings clea
2. State four things which we can do to make sure our environment remains clea
3. Give two reasons why we should live in å clean environment.
   1. Describe one type of traditional toilet.
   2. Describe the modern toilet.
4. State three ways of keeping the modern toilet clea
5. Mention two differences each between traditional and modern toilets.
6. Mention three ways of maintaining toilet fa
7. List the advantages and disadvantages of traditional toilets.
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of modern toilets?

This is the end of the class. If you have any questions ask using the comment box. See you in the next class.

 

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