Back to: COMMERCE SS2
Welcome to Class !!
We are eager to have you join us !!
In today’s Commerce class, We will be learning about Insurance. We hope you enjoy the class!
CONTENT
- INSURANCE AND ASSURANCE
- INSURANCE RISKS AND NON- INSURANCE RISKS
- INDEMNITY INSURANCE AND NON-INDEMNITY INSURANCE
Insurance is a contract whereby an insurer or underwriter agrees to compensate the insured in the event of his suffering a loss, in return for the payment of a premium by the insured.
The basic principle of insurance is the pooling of risks – A number of people who wish to cover themselves against a certain risk contribute to a pool or a common fund out of which compensation are made to those who actually suffer losses arising from that particular risk. The amount of premium depends on the probability of the risk. The greater the risk, the higher the premium and vice versa.
Compensation for victims will depend on the premium paid and the extent of losses suffered.
INSURANCE AND ASSURANCE
Insurance refers to events which are uncertain and which may or may not happen e.g. fire, burglary etc. It is based on probabilities.
Assurance refers to events which are certain and which are sure to happen e.g. death must happen. An example is life assurance. Assurance is based on possibilities.
EVALUATION
- What is insurance?
- Distinguish between the terms insurance and assurance.
INSURABLE RISKS AND NON-INSURABLE RISKS
Risks which are calculable (i.e. the likelihood of their occurrence is possible to be estimated) and for which premiums may, therefore, be assessed are called INSURABLE RISKS e.g. Motor Accident, Life, Marine, Theft, etc.
In other words, insurable risks are those risks whose likelihood of occurrence can be forecast, from past experience and for which a rate of premium can be calculated to enable the insurance company to collect enough premium to pay those who will unfortunate enough to suffer loss from such risks. Insurable risks hold out the prospects of loss but not again.
NON-INSURABLE RISKS
Also called un-insurable risks are risks that cannot be insured because their likelihood of occurrence cannot be calculated due to insufficient information being available to the insurer to enable him to estimate the premium. It holds the prospects of gain as well as loss.
EXAMPLES OF NON-INSURABLE RISKS ARE:
- Loss of profit through competition.
- Loss due to gambling.
- Loss due to changes in taste and fashion.
- Loss due to maladministration (i.e. loss incurred as a result of bad management).
- Risk due to wars.
- Loss of profits through fall in demand.
INDEMNITY INSURANCE AND NON-INDEMNITY INSURANCE
Indemnity insurance is the type of insurance in which the insured can be restored to his former position before the incident occurred by receiving compensation. Examples are insurance against fire, marine, burglary etc.
In non-indemnity insurance, the insured cannot be restored to his former position before the incident occurred. This insurance is not purposely for equating the loss with the compensation. Examples are life assurance and personal accident insurance.
EVALUATION
- What is meant by the term insurable risk
- Distinguished between indemnity and non-indemnity insurance.
GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS
- Explain five circumstances when an insured may not be indemnified
- Explain the following terms (a) insurable risks (b) non-insurable risks
- Give five main differences between a retail co-operative society and a public limited company
- Explain five functions of the Central Bank of Nigeria
- Explain five reasons why many small businesses turn into private limited companies
READING ASSIGNMENT
Essential Commerce for SSS by O.A. Longe Page 185 – 201
THEORY
- List four examples of non-insurable risks
- Distinguish between insurance and assurance.
We have come to the end of this class. We do hope you enjoyed the class?
Should you have any further question, feel free to ask in the comment section below and trust us to respond as soon as possible.
In our next class, we will continue learning about Insurance. We are very much eager to meet you there.
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