Pictogram, Bar Chart and Pie Chart

Back to: MATHEMATICS JSS 2

 

Welcome to Class !!

We are eager to have you join us !!

In today’s Mathematics class, We will be looking at the Pictogram, Bar Chart and Pie Charts. We hope you enjoy the class!

 

 

CONTENT:   

i) The Pictogram

ii) The bar chart

iii) The pie charts

 

 

INTRODUCTION

A frequency table is a numerical presentation of data in an organized summary from. Diagrams, symbols and pictures sometimes catch the eye more quickly than the number. They also tell stories more easily than numbers. It is also observed that it is easier to understand a frequency table than the raw data. Another method of presenting data, which most graphical than a table are Graphs. Graphs help us to observe any patterns easily. Examples of these graphs are pictogram, bar chart, line graph and pie chart.

 

THE PICTOGRAM

This uses pictures to represent statistics information or data. The pictogram is also called an ideograph. A pictogram uses pictures or drawings to give a quick and easy meaning to statistical data. A pictogram is a simple way of representing data in which a number of identical drawings or pictures and used to show the data. It is useful to use pictures which can easily be divided into halves, quarters and do on. A pictogram must have a key to show that each picture stands for. Also, you need to give the diagram a title

 

Example: The following table shows the favourite fruits of 75 students

Represent the data in the form of a pictogram.

 

Favourite sports                         Frequency

Banana                                             10

Apples                                              8

Pears                                                6

Grapes                                             2

 

 

Evaluation Question

The following table shows the number of students in JSS 1 in different houses at a certain school.

Represent the data in the form of a pictogram

 

House	Blue	Yellow	Green	Purple
Students	16	14	11	21

 

Reading Assignment

1. Essential mathematics for JSS 1 by AJS Oluwasanmi page 187
2. New general mathematics for JSS 1 by AJS Channon other. Page 125
3. MAN mathematics for JSS 1 page 211

 

 

THE BAR CHARTS

A bar chart is very like a pictogram. The bars have the same width and usually have equal spaces between them. Instead of using pictures as in case of the pictogram, we must use a bar to represent the frequency of each of the item. In drawing a bar chart, we must take the following features into consideration.

1. The charts consist of bars
2. The bars must be of equal width
3. The lengths of the bars are in proportion to the frequencies being represented. The bars may be vertical or horizontal

 

Example

The following figures show the number of children per family in a sample of 40 households

1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 8, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6,

5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 8, 7, 6, 5,

4, 5, 7, 6, 3, 8, 6, 3, 5, 7, 5, 4, 3

• Prepare a frequency table for this data
• Draw a bar chart to illustrate the above data

 

Solution

• Frequency table

No of children per family	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
frequency	2	5	9	7	7	4	3	3

 

(b)

 

 

Evaluation Question

The table below shows the different colours of cars found in a company’s car park. Draw a bar chart for this data.

Colour of cars	White	Blue	Red	Grey	black
Frequency	20	17	10	8	15

 

Reading Assignment

Essential Mathematics for JSS 2 by AJS Oluwasanmi page 188

 

 

THE PIE CHART

A pie chart is a circle, which is divided into slices (i.e. sectors) whose angles are used to display data.

The size of an angle of each sector gives the frequency of each value. The major advantage of a pie chart is that it enables us to see clearly how the size of parts are compared in relation to one another and to the overall total. It is important to label each sector according to the given items and also give the pie chart a title.

 

Example: A student was given N600.00 in June as pocket money. He spent the money as follows:

Food              =          N200.00

Transport      =          N100.00

Books             =          N120.00

Rent               =          N150.00

Miscellaneous=       N30.00

 

Draw a pie chart to illustrate the data.

Solution

There are 360^o in a full circle and the total amount spent was N600.00 this means N600.00 is represented by 360^o; N1 is represented by  = 0.6

= 200 x 0.6

= 120^o

 

 

Items	Amount Spent in Naira (N)	Angle
Food	200	200 x 0.6 = 120o
Transport	100	100 x 0.6 = 60o
Books	120	120 x 0.6 = 72o
Rent	150	150 x 0.6 = 90o
Miscellaneous	30	30 x 0.6 = 18o
TOTAL	600	360o

120^o + 60^o + 72^o + 90^o + 18^o = 360^o

 

 

 

 

 

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTION

400 students were asked whether they liked yam, cornflakes, bread, rice or some other type of food for breakfast, the following data was recorded.

Type of Food	Yam	Cornflakes	Bread	Rice	Other	Total
Frequency	65	110	80	120	25	400

Draw a bar and a pie chart to represent this information

 

READING ASSIGNMENT

Essential Mathematics Bk. 2 pages 303 – 307. Exercise 24.2 No 1 and page 304

 

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Which of the following is not a pictorial form of presenting data?
2. Bar chart B. Pie chart C. Frequency distribution     D. Line graph

The pie chart below shows the course which a group of students are doing. Use the pie chart to answer questions 2 to 5

 

 

2. What is the value of angle x^o? A. 20^o      B. 30^o     C. 40^o      D. 35^o
3. Which course are most students doing? A. Engineering     B. Accounting     C. Law      D. Medicine
4. Which course has the least number of students? A. Engineering     B. Accounting     C. Law      D. Medicine
5. What fraction of the students are doing Engineering?

 

THEORY

1. 40 youths who were admitted into a mental hospital due to drug abuse were asked to name the types of drugs they often take. The table shows how they replied.

Indian hemp                        35%

Morphine                              20%

Heroine                                  15%

Cocaine                                30%

 

1. 1. Represent this information in a pie chart
   2. Find the number of youths in each category

 

 

We have come to the end of this class. We do hope you enjoyed the class?

Should you have any further question, feel free to ask in the comment section below and trust us to respond as soon as possible.

In our next class, we will be talking about Probability. We are very much eager to meet you there.

 

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