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In today’s Mathematics class, We will be talking about Scale Drawing. We hope you enjoy the class!
Using Scales
A scale is a ratio or proportion that shows the relationship between a length or a drawing and the corresponding length on the actual object.
Thus,
Worked Examples
- The scale drawing of the length of an advertisement billboard measures 5cm. What is the actual length of the billboard if the scale is 1cm represents 2m?
Solution
1cm represents 2m
5cm represents 5 × 2m = 10m
The actual length of the billboard = 10m.
- An airport runway measuring 6000m is drawn to a scale of 1cm represents 500m. Find its length on the drawing.
Solution
500m is represented by 1cm
1m is represented by 1/500cm
6000m is represented by 6000 × 1/500 = 12cm
Length on drawing = 12cm
Evaluation:
1) Copy and complete the table below in finding the length on drawing giving a suitable scale.
Actual length | Scale | Length on drawing |
20m | 1cm to 5m | |
450m | 1cm to 100m | |
65m | 1cm to 5m |
2) Copy and complete the table by finding the actual length.
Length on drawing | Scale | Actual length |
11cm | 1cm to 5m | |
8.2cm | 1cm to 100m | |
12.6cm | 2cm to 1m |
Scale Drawing
Scale drawing is very important to engineers, architects, surveyors and navigators. For an accurate scale drawing, mathematical instruments are needed such as pencils, a ruler and a set-square. Also, the dimensions of the actual objects are written on the drawing.
Worked Examples
- A rectangular field measures 45m by 30m. Draw a plan of the field. Use measurement to find the distance between opposite corners of the field.
Solution
Firstly, make a rough sketch of the plan
45m
30m
Secondly, choose a suitable scale
Using 1cm represent5m will give a 9cm by 6cm rectangle.
The distance between the opposite corners of the field is represented by the dotted line. Length of the dotted line = 10.75
Actual distance = 10.75 × 5 = 53.75m = 54m (to the nearest metre)
Example 2:
Points A and B are 178m and 124m from X respectively. The distance between A and B is 108m. Make a scale drawing of the path and find the angle between the paths and X. X
Solution
178m 124m
A B
108m
Using a suitable scale of 1cm to 20m, the sides of the triangle in scale drawing will be as follows:
AX = 178/20 = 8.9cm, BX = 124/20 = 6.2cm, AB = 108/20 = 5.4cm.
X
178m 124m
A 108m B
Using a protractor, AXB = 370 (to the nearest degree). The angle between the paths is 370.
Evaluation:
- Find the distance between the opposite corners of a rectangular room which is 12m by 9m. Use a scale of 1cm to 3m.
- A triangular plot ABC is such that AB = 120m, BC = 80m and CA = 60m. P is the middle point of AB. Find the length of PC. Use a scale of 1cm to 10m.
Application of Scale Drawing on Related Problems
Worked Examples
- The scale on a map is 1: 50,000.
a) Two villages A and B on the map are 5.5cm apart, find the actual distance in km between A and B.
b) If town C is 4km from the village A, what is the distance of C from A on the map?
Solution
a) 1cm represents 50,000cm
5.5cm represent 50,000 × 5.5 = 275,000cm
To correct to km = 275,000/100,000 = 2.75km.
b) 1km = 100,000cm
4km = 100,000 × 4 = 400,000cm.
Since 50,000cm represents 1cm
400,000cm is represented by 400,000/50,000 = 8cm
or Distance on the map = Actual distance / Map Scale
= 400,000 / 50,000 = 8cm.
Example 2:
Two cities are 70km apart. The distance between them is 20cm on the map. What is the scale of the map?
Solution
1km = 100,000cm
∴ 70km = 100,000 × 70 = 7,000,000cm
Map scale = actual distance/distance on map.
= 7,000,000/20 = 350,000
The scale of the map = 1: 350,000.
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