Speech Work: Consonants (cont.),  Grammar: Differences between Polar and Tag Questions

Back to: ENGLISH LANGUAGE JSS1

 

Welcome to class! 

In today’s class, we will be talking about the expository essay, etc. Enjoy the class!

COMPOSITION

CONTENT:  EXPOSITORY ESSAY

HOW TO PLANT A TREE

Trees are important plants that have improved life through the provision of necessities. These needs make them valuable and contribute to the benefits of planting them. Trees provide a foundation for life. During photosynthesis, trees facilitate the breakdown of food materials in the presence of carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce carbohydrates. The carbohydrates promote the growth of food consumed by both humans such as apples and oranges and animals such as elephants, giraffes among others. They also support life by providing wood and charcoal utilized as sources of fuel and provision of timber used to provide housing. Moreover, trees support life by providing habitat to different species such as bees, birds, and squirrels.

Trees battle climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide produced in various processes in the environment and releasing oxygen to the environment. The oxygen serves to improve the quality of air thereby regulating the climate. Trees also control the climate by restraining the occurrence of the sun, rain, and wind. The trees do so by cooling the environments through their leaves absorbing beaming of the sun, cooling the atmosphere and preserving warmth when harsh winds occur. Trees lower the air temperature by regulating the intensity of the heat by minimizing the levels of carbon dioxide produced. Additionally, they lower temperatures by providing shade to homes and streets and by releasing water vapour into the atmosphere that reduces the heat generated.

Trees clean the air by absorbing odours, harmful chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and removing dust and sifting particles from the air and trapping them in their leaves and bark. They provide enough oxygen for breathing to the world by absorbing the carbon dioxide in the environment and producing oxygen. Trees growing on one acre of land are estimated to consume six tons of carbon dioxide and produce four tons of oxygen beneficial to about eighteen people in a year. Trees sustain the ecosystem through their roots by preventing soil erosion during floods by holding the soil in place.

Planting of trees saves water. When it rains, the trees soak up and stores water in their surrounding soil preventing water runoff thus, providing sufficient water. Also, they save water through tree shades slowing the process of water evaporation to the atmosphere. Trees prevent water pollution by breaking the direct fall of rainfall to the ground thereby allowing water to flow down to the trunk of the tree. Consequently, the breaking of rainfall facilitates the filtering of water, preventing the carrying of pollutants deposited on ground surfaces to water bodies.

Planting of trees creates economic opportunities. Jobs such as fruit harvesting, tree mulching and watering, building, furniture construction and production of materials such as books and paper are created. Trees provide economic benefits. When planted adjacent to buildings and housing, they reduce the need for air conditioning by 40percent by cooling the environment and cleansing the air in the surrounding. Trees also provide value to properties. The presence of trees and adequately maintained landscapes boosts the cost of the property by up to 20 per cent. Trees also save on the cost incurred in energy by cooling the environment through tree shades and heating the environment by trees minimizing the cooling effects of winds.

Trees help to heal, relax and reduce blood pressure. Due to their infinite shapes, forms, sizes and multiple colours, they help to boost people’s moods and relax them.

EVALUATION:  Study the article above and map out cogent points as the basis for your essay.

 

LITERATURE

Use the recommended text on drama

 

USE OF SIMILE AND METAPHORS IN SENTENCES

1. Simile: You are dark as charcoal

Metaphor: You are a dark charcoal

2. Simile: Tunde is as sly as a fox

Metaphor: Tunde is simply a fox

3. Simile: Aremu is a fast as a cheetah on the field

Metaphor: Aremu is a cheetah on the field

EVALUATION: Make more examples of your own

 

CONSONANT CONTINUED

CONTENT:

Phonetic Symbols of Consonants

1. /ʃ/ as in shit, lashes, fish, etc.
2. /θ/ as in bath, month, anthem, both, etc.
3. /s/ as in snake, sip, seat, axe, etc.
4. /z/ as in zip, zoom, exact, zebra, etc.
5. /ʒ/ as in pleasure, usual, vision, cohesion, etc.
6. /h/ as in hit, hat, behave, etc.
7. /m/ as in man, meat, melt, mud, etc.
8. /n/ as in now, knock, night, etc.
9. /l/ as in low, lack, loom, etc.
10. /j/ as in you, new, use, etc.
11. /w/ as in away, well, warm, etc.

EVALUATION:  Give five other examples on each sound.

 

POLAR QUESTIONS

CONTENT:

Polar questions begin with an auxiliary verb or modal verb and are usually, but not always, answered using the same auxiliary/modal verb.

Examples:

1. Do you like chocolate? – Yes, I do/No, I don’t
2. Does she speak English? – Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t
3. Are you ready? – Yes, we are/No, we aren’t

Students must learn to include the modal verb after “yes” or “no” as answering with a simple “yes” or “no” will be taken by a native speaker to indicate that the speaker is either being rude or has no interest in the conversation and the conversation will end abruptly, with both parties feeling mildly offended. The speaker can omit the “I do” part if (s)he then goes on to say something else immediately afterwards:

Does she speak English? – No, but she’s started taking lessons.

Students should also take care to repeat the modal or auxiliary and not the verb. In other words, the answer to the question

Do you like chocolate? is Yes, I do. not * Yes, I like.

Not all questions beginning with Did/Are you…? etc. lead to a simple yes/no answer. One way of getting students to respond more fully is by asking “either/or” questions, for instance, Did you…, or were you..?

 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TAG AND POLAR QUESTION

Tag questions are mainly used to emphasis the statement of the speaker but a polar question more like a response to a question asked.

EVALUATION: Give an answer to the following polar questions.

1. Are you okay?
2. Do you like her?

 

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT:  SPELLING DRILLS

abbreviation        abscess              absence            abysmal       abdicate         aberration      abeyance      abomination         abrasive

abscond    abstentious         abstinence          abyss                accede         accentuate     accessory       acclimatization         accolade

accelerator      accessible       accomplice     accessories       accommodation      accompaniment         accumulate accurately

adept     accustomed            achieve        accrue                  accustom  acrimony             acumen                 addicted          adherent

EVALUATION: Study the spellings words above and rewrite.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Construct five sentences each to illustrate the various uses of the verbs be, do, have.
2. Construct five sentences each to illustrate the various uses of the verbs shall, will

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. Write a descriptive essay on your favourite pet.

 

In our next class, we will be talking about Composition (Narrative), Speech Work: /ᶕu/, /ai/ and /ei/,  Grammar: Exercises on Verbs.  We hope you enjoyed the class.

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