Back to: Basic Science Primary 5
Welcome to class.
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
In the previous lesson we learned what reproduction in plants means and the kind of reproduction plants undergo. This topic will be focusing on Insect and wind pollinated flowers Fertilization and fruit development Difference between fertilization and pollination.
WHAT IS POLLINATION?
Pollination is the transferring of pollen grains from the male reproductive part of a flower called the anther, to the female reproductive receptacle of the flower also known as the stigma.
Plant reproduction creates the offspring as the next generation of that plant.
One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds. During pollination pollen from the anthers are transported to the stigma of a flower or plant.
Some plants have the ability to self-pollinate as pollen falls off of their anthers and to land directly on the stigma of their flowers. Others require agents such as wind or insects to help them pollinate.
METHODS OF POLLINATION
There are two types of pollination namely:
- Self-pollination
- cross pollination,
SELF POLLINATION
This is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or to another flower in the same plant without any agency.
CROSS POLLINATION
This is the transfer of pollen grains. pollination is when one plant pollinates a plant of another type of flower. The two plants combine and have seeds for a new kind of plant. In nature cross-pollination generally occurs by wind, insects or animals known as agents.
AGENT OF POLLINATION
Pollinating agents can be any of the following:
- Animals such as insects, birds, and bats
- Water
- Wind and;
- plants themselves.
POLLINATION BY WIND
Wind carries pollen from one corn plant to the next. Some plants produce lightweight pollen which enables the wind to carry pollen grains from one plant to the next. The sticky surface of the stigma traps the pollen. crops, such as corn can be used to transfer pollen grains.
POLLINATION BY ANIMALS
While the bee feeds on the flower pollen sticks to its legs and gets carried to the next flower. Birds and insects play a vital role in pollination.
HOW DO POLLEN GRAINS MOVE?
Pollen grains cannot move by themselves but depend on other means of transportation for help:
- The use of wind or water to transfer pollen grains into the air and carried onward to pollinate.
- The use of animals, also known as pollinators such as birds, insects or human beings which carry the pollen on them to pollinate.
HOW DO INSECTS POLLINATE FLOWERS?
- Insects can pollinate flowers as they move from plant to plant searching for food. Many flowers produce a sugary liquid called nectar that many insects eat.
- When an insect lands on a flower to feed, pollen grains stick to its body. As the insect moves to another flower of the same species, these pollen grains are transferred to the flower’s stigma and pollination occurs.
VALUE OF POLLINATORS
Many important crops such as apples, pears, oranges, depend on pollinator insects.
Insects that help pollination are:
- Bees
- Butterfly
- Ants
- Flies
FERTILIZATION AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT
PLANT FERTILIZATION
This is the union of a male and female reproductive cells to produce a matured seed. After pollination and fertilization, carpels develop into the fruits we eat and the seeds inside. Fruit development and growth is produced by developing seeds.
PLANT DEVELOPMENT
Plant development is the process by which flowers mature as a plant grows. Plants produce new tissues throughout their life.
| Pollination | Fertilization |
| This is the process of transferring pollen from one flower to another. | Fertilization is the process after the successful transfer of pollination. |
| Pollination is a way of reproduction for flowering plants | Fertilization also involves the fusion of male gametes and female gametes of plants |
EVALUATION
What is pollination
Name 2 types of pollination.
SUMMARY
In flowers, the pollen grain germinates after the pollination of the carpel and grows into the style by creating the way for pollen grain to move down to the ovary, which eventually swells up and develops into a fruit.
ASSIGNMENT
Define fertilization
What is plant development?
What are pollinators?
References
https://sciencing.com/do-insects-pollinate-flowers-6464153.html
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