Soap and Detergent

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SOAP AND DETERGENT

INTRODUCTION

At the end of this topic, students should be able to differentiate between soap and detergent. They shall also know how to make soaps locally from materials found in their mom’s kitchen.

 

SOAP

A soap can be defined as any substance used with water for washing and cleaning things like clothes and tables and other surfaces.

 

DETERGENTS

Detergents are any substance that is water-soluble. It can also be any substance that when added to water acts like a cleansing agent which combines with dirt to make them form and detergents differ from soaps.

 

HOW TO LOCALLY MAKE SOAP

Local Soap is usually a combination of animal fat or plant oil and caustic soda (base) which when dissolved in water, breaks dirt away from surfaces.

 

To locally make soaps, many vegetable fat gotten from animals and plants such as the ones listed below, produces a byproduct of water instead of glycerin and are used in making soaps because they eliminate many impurities. Examples are;

• coconut,
• palm oil
• palm kernel
• ground pea nut
• Shea butter
• cocoa butter.

 

The palm kernel and coconut oils are good choices for soapy bubbles, while the neem oil is good for an antiseptic.

 

USES OF SOAP.

Soap has been used for the following:

• To Cleanse our body
• To cure skin sores
• To dye our hair
• As skin ointment for shaving
• To leave a perfume fragrance behind after bathing.

 

HOW TO LOCALLY MAKE DETERGENTS

The Raw Materials Used in Detergents includes the following:

 

• Soda ash or Sodium Carbonate.

This turns the acids and makes them alkaline.(base)

• Carboxy Methyl Chloride or Cellulose

This stops the dirt from resettling on the surface of the clothes.

• Perfume…
• Color…
• Forming Chemical.

 

INGREDIENTS USED IN MAKING SOAP IN YOUR KITCHEN

• 24 ounces of coconut/olive oil
• 38 ounces of vegetable shortening
• 12 ounces sodium hydroxide, or lye. (also called caustic soda)
• 32 ounces spring or distilled water
• 4 ounces of your favorite essential oil, such as peppermint, lemon, rose or lavender

 

 

 

USES OF DETERGENT

All-Purpose Cleaner. Either form of detergent can be used to

• To clean tiles, floors, counters, tubs and toilets. …
• To kill mushrooms growing in unwanted areas
• To clean oil Spills. …
• Carpet Cleaning. …
• To clean kitchen drainage. …
• To make bubbles that we play with.

 

EVALUATION

Define soap

List 2 material used to make soap locally.

 

SUMMARY

• A detergent is a chemical substance we use to break up and remove grease.
• Soap is often made from purely natural products like goat’s fat and wood ash.
• Soaps are generally solids.
• Detergents are used in everything from hair shampoo and clothes washing powder to shaving foam and stain removers.

The most important ingredients in detergents are surface active agents.

 

ASSIGNMENT

List 3 importance of detergents

List 2 natural material for making detergents

Define detergent.

 

REFERENCES

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Soap.html#ixzz6OQ7v5O7b

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/detergents.html

 

 

 

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